1. What is water scarcity?

(a) Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available fresh water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.@

(b) Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available ocean water to meet the demands of water usage within a region.

(c) lack of sufficient available fresh water resources to meet the demands of industries of the country

(d) All of these

2. Which of the following is not the source of fresh water resources?

(a) Ground water

(b) Ice sheet

(c) River

(d) Oceans@

3. Which of the following is not the reason of water scarcity?

(a) Over-exploitation

(b) Excessive use

(c) Growing population

(d) None of these@

4. How much fresh water reserve is available for use?

(a) 2.5

(b) 75

(c) 25

(d) 0.5@

5. Today in India hydroelectric power contribute approx. ___% of the total electricity produced.

(a) 100

(b) 75

(c) 22@

(d) 25

6. Why do we need to conserve and manage our water resources?

(a) To safeguard ourselves from health hazards

(b) To ensure food security

(c) Prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem

(d) All of the above@

7.Post-independent India witnessed intensive __________ and urbanization, creating vast
opportunities for us.

(a) Unemployment

(b) Industrialization@

(c) Globalization

(d) All of these

8. A _________is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.

(a) Riverine

(b) Water dust

(c) Dam@

(d) Drip Irrigation system

9. In the 11th Century, ______ Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.

(a) Delhi

(b) Bhopal@

(c) Lucknow

(d) Karnataka

10. Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for _______________

(a) Electricity generation

(b) water supply for domestic and industrial uses

(c) flood control

(d) All of these@

11. Name the river on which Hirakud is situated?

(a) Krishna

(b) Godavari

(c) Satluj

(d) Mahanadi@

12. Name the river on which Bhakra – Nangal project is situated

(a) Krishna

(b) Godavari

(c) Satluj@

(d) Mahanadi

13. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the ____ as the ‘temples of modern India’

(a) Industry

(b) Dams@

(c) Agriculture

(d) School

14. Many people oppose multi-purpose project because:

(a) Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and
excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir

(b) resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.

(c) The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time

(d) All of these@

15. _____________ Dam has been built over the Narmada River in Gujarat.

(a) Tehri

(b) Sardar Sarovar@

(c) Hirakud

(d) None of these

16. Which of the following is the Highest dam of India?

(a) Tehri@

(b) Sardar Sarovar

(c) Hirakud

(d) None of these

17. Name the river on which Tehri dam project is situated

(a) Karveri

(b) Ganga

(c) Bhagirathi@

(d) Krishna

18. Which of the following is the Oldest dam of India?

(a) Kallanai Dam@

(b) Tehri Dam

(c) Lakhwar Dam

(d) Hirakud dam

19. Sardar Sarovar Dam one of the largest water resource projects of India covering four
states—Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and_________.

(a) Delhi

(b) Haryana

(c) Punjab

(d) Rajasthan@

20. Hirakud is situated in ____________?

(a) Odisha@

(b) Delhi

(c) Punjab

(d) Uttrakhand

21. Tehri is situated in ____________?

(a) Odisha

(b) Delhi

(c) Punjab

(d) Uttrakhand@

22. ______________is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off.

(a) Multi-purpose project

(b) Rainwater harvesting@

(c) Bamboo drip irrigation

(d) None of these

23. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the _________ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture.

(a) Pular pani

(b) kuls@

(c) Tanka system

(d) None of these

24. Agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water
to stand and moisten the soil like the __________ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.

(a) Khalid

(b) khadins@

(c) laden

(d) None of these

25. Rainwater, or___________, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.

(a) Pani

(b) Palar pani@

(c) Filter water

(d) None of these

26. Today, in western Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the
decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial ________ Canal, though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of tap water.

(a) Gandhi

(b) Indira Gandhi@

(c) J L Nehru

(d) Rajiv Gandhi

27. ______ is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure
compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to
punish the defaulters.

(a) Rajasthan

(b) Punjab

(c) Odisha

(d) Tamil Nadu@

28. BAMBOO DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM is practiced in ________

(a) Manipur

(b) Meghalaya@

(c) Assam

(d) Tamil Nadu

29. The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of earth is known
as______.

(a) hydrological cycle

(b) water cycle

(c) a and b@

(d) None of these

30. What is India’s rank on the global precipitation?

(a) 47

(b) 97

(c) 133@4%

(d) 151

31. Name the state where almost all the houses follow tanka system

(a) Delhi

(b) Haryana

(c) Punjab

(d) Rajasthan@

32. In__________, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. From the 200 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres.

(a) Ajmer

(b) Gendathur@

(c) Konkan

(d) Nagpur

33. Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to
water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like _______of the soil.

(a) Urbanization

(b) Erosionification

(c) salinisation@

(d) none of the above

34.Which of the following place gets the highest rainfall in the world?

(a) Mawsynram @

(b) Manipur

(c) Shillong

(d) Arunachal Pradesh

35. During whose reign were the dams, lakes and irrigation systems built extensively?

(a) Ashoka

(b) Chandragupta Maurya@

(c) Akbar

(d) Buddha

36. _____________of the earth’s surface is covered with water

(a) three-fourth@

(b) two-fourth

(c) three-fifth

(d) half

37. Assertion: Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dam as the ‘temples of modern India’

Reason: the reason being that it would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.@

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

38. Assertion: Growing population is the only reason for water scarcity

Reason: Dams are referred to be multi-purpose project

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.@

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

39. Assertion: Water is a renewable resource.

Reason: Freshwater is mainly obtained from surface runoff and groundwater that is continually being renewed.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.@

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

40. Assertion: three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water

Reason:Post-independent India witnessed intensive industrialization and urbanization,
creating vast opportunities for us.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.@

41. Assertion: Today, in India hydroelectric power contributes approximately 35 percent of the
total electricity produced.

Reason: Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.@

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

42. Assertion: Sardar Sarovar Dam has been built over the Narmada River in Gujarat.

Reason: In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.@

43. Assertion: ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water,
particularly in Rajasthan.

Reason: In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate
their fields.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.@

44. Assertion: In Meghalaya, a 200-year-old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes, is prevalent.

Reason: bamboo drip system is widely used in Rajasthan.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.@

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

45. Assertion: In the 14th Century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish
for supplying water to Taj Mahal.

Reason: In the 11th Century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.@

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

46. Assertion: Water is non-renewable resource.

Reason: Archaeological and historical records show that from ancient times we have been constructing sophisticated hydraulic structures like dams built of stone rubble, reservoirs or lakes, embankments and canals for irrigation.

(a) A is correct but R is wrong.

(b) A is wrong but R is correct.

(c) Both A and R are false.

(d) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(e) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Questions given Below is NOT MCQs

47. Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from
water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.

(a) Region with high annual rainfall.

(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.@

(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.@

(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.

48. Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river
projects?

(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.

(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.

(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.@

(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

49. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi Canal.

Answer (a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have resulted in improper utilisation of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practise of rooftop rainwater water harvesting popularity has declined due to high water availability from Indira Gandhi Canal.

50. ………. and ………. movements were launched against the multipurpose projects.

Answer Narmada bachao andolan and Tehri dam andolan